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‘The smiling one’ Ruben Amorim says he can be ruthless when he needs to beEveryone knows the health risks of carrying too much fat around the waist and hips, but UVA Health scientists are developing a noninvasive way to assess the health risks of unseen fat around the heart. The researchers, led by Frederick H. Epstein, Ph.D., of the University of Virginia's Department of Biomedical Engineering, are seeking to use magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) to assess the composition of adipose tissue—fat—that surrounds the heart. Analyzing this tissue could let doctors identify patients at greatest risk for potentially deadly cardiac problems such as coronary artery disease , atrial fibrillation (irregular heartbeat) and heart failure , and to predict how well those patients may respond to treatments. The paper is published in the journal Magnetic Resonance in Medicine . Early testing of the technique has produced encouraging signs that the approach could be a powerful tool to improve patient care. "Using this new MRI technique, we now for the very first time have the ability to know the composition of the fat that accumulates around the heart. This is important because depending on its makeup, the fat which surrounds the heart has the potential to release damaging substances directly into the heart muscle, leading to serious heart problems," said researcher Amit R. Patel, MD, a cardiologist and imaging expert at UVA Health and the University of Virginia School of Medicine. "With our ongoing research, we hope to show that we can convert the unhealthy fat which surrounds the heart to a more healthy type of fat with either diet and exercise or through the use of medications. We believe that by doing so, we will be able to reduce some of the complications associated with heart disease." The heart of the matter Our hearts are naturally surrounded by a layer of fat known as "epicardial adipose tissue." In healthy people, this fat is protective and vital for heart function. But in some people, particularly people with obesity and risk factors for heart disease such as diabetes, high blood pressure , smoking and a poor diet, this fat can accumulate excessively, become inflamed and undergo harmful changes in its composition. The UVA researchers would use MRI to assess the amount and composition of the fat. The imaging technology essentially lets them see inside the body without the need for surgery. By analyzing the amounts of saturated fatty acids, monosaturated fatty acids and polyunsaturated fatty acids—fats commonly associated with our diets—in the epicardial adipose tissue, doctors may be able to identify patients who could face heart problems even before symptoms appear. Identifying and correcting this problem has the potential to slow down the progression of heart disease, the No. 1 cause of death both in the United States and around the world. In creating the new tool, the UVA researchers have had to overcome some major challenges. For example, both the heart and nearby lungs are always in motion—a huge obstacle to getting clear snapshots of the adipose tissue. But by developing innovative imaging approaches, the scientists are now able to get the images they need in the span of a single breath hold. "The ability to make these measurements in epicardial adipose tissue required the use of advanced computational methods that can extract the unique signature of saturated fatty acids from an overall noisy signal. Jack Echols, a biomedical engineering graduate student in my research lab, did outstanding work to develop these methods," said Epstein, associate vice president for research at UVA. "We're excited to partner with cardiologists like Dr. Patel to explore clinical applications of this method, and hope that this method ultimately leads to more precise treatments and better outcomes for patients with heart disease." The UVA team has already tested their technology in both the lab and in a limited number of human patients. They found that that the fat around the heart in patients who were obese and had suffered heart attacks was comprised of an excessive amount of saturated fatty acids . "That suggests that this new MRI technique could become a useful clinical tool for identifying at-risk patients and predicting their outcomes," Patel said. "Being able to see the composition of the fat that surrounds the heart will improve our understanding of heart disease and may lead to the development of new treatment strategies in the future." More information: John T. Echols et al, Fatty acid composition MRI of epicardial adipose tissue: Methods and detection of proinflammatory biomarkers in ST‐segment elevation myocardial infarction patients, Magnetic Resonance in Medicine (2024). DOI: 10.1002/mrm.30285

NoneNoneSix Canadian writers were the recipients of the prestigious Canada Prizes award in recognition of their inspiring, impactful and transformative scholarly books. Deanna Reder, professor of Indigenous Studies and English at Simon Fraser University, was recognized for her book, Autobiography as Indigenous Intellectual Tradition: Cree and Métis âcimisowina , published by Wilfrid Laurier University Press. By exploring unknown, little known and neglected works by a range of Cree and Métis writers from the 1890s to the 1980s, Reder fills a Canadian literary gap. Her unique monograph introduces readers to the works of significant Cree and Métis authors like Métis author, playwright, filmmaker and Elder, Maria Campbell; Canadian Cree Anglican clergyman Edward Ahenakew, who transcribed stories and myths of Indigenous peoples of Western Canada; and James Brady, a famous Métis political activist, leader and photographer who mysteriously disappeared while prospecting in Saskatchewan in 1967. Reder’s book reveals a rich array of Cree and Métis, or nêhiyawak, writings interwoven with the authors’ life experiences. Using Cree concepts to understand texts ranging from journals, manuscripts and sermons, to unfinished, unpublished, censored or limited circulation short stories and novels, Reder sheds light on the richness of Indigenous life and philosophies. “Through my research, I found that understanding who you are, and who you’re related to, is foundational to Indigenous understandings of the world,” said Reder. “The book provides understudied and undervalued evidence of the longstanding autobiographical practices that are engrained in Cree and Métis, and these life stories serve as an intergenerational conduit to pass on invaluable knowledge,” she added. Despite Canada having the largest wolf population in the world, Stephanie Rutherford , associate professor in the School of the Environment at Trent University, is the first to explore the social history of wolves in her book, Villain, Vermin, Icon, Kin: Wolves and the Making of Canada , published by McGill–Queen’s University Press. The revelatory work underscores how Canada was largely made through relationships with animals and offers a model for more ethical ways of interacting with wildlife in the face of a global biodiversity crisis. Rutherford’s work delves into the range of emotions and changing relationships Canadians have with wolves spanning the late the 1800s to the present. While early settlers were afraid of wolves and the prospect of being eaten by them, by the 1920s, wolves were perceived as vermin targeted for elimination. Then, the 1950s saw an emerging trend towards conservation as people began recognizing the value of wolves in maintaining a healthy ecosystem. Today, public anxiety over wolves is heightened due to the growing prevalence of coywolves — coyote-wolf hybrids — in urban areas. Villain, Vermin, Icon, Kin: Wolves and the Making of Canada helps people learn to co-exist with, rather than dominate, wildlife by learning from Indigenous ways. “I undertook this work because I was interested in understanding the level of emotions people feel when it comes to wolves. What is it about this animal that generates either deep love or deep hate?” said Rutherford. Celeste E. Orr, assistant professor of Sociology and the Wendy J. Robbins Professor in Gender & Women’s Studies at the University of New Brunswick and first-time author, won for their book, Cripping Intersex , published by the University of British Columbia Press. This work explores the connection between intersex and disability, dismissing society’s common view of those whose anatomy doesn’t fit into a traditional Western male-female sex binary as having a disability, disease or disorder that must be cured by medical intervention. Orr points to studies showing that medical procedures done non-consensually on intersex infants or youth often lead to them having short or long-term disabilities including sterilization and increased infection, anxiety, depression and suicidal ideation. Drawing attention to societal discrimination and oppression against intersex people, Orr argues those negative views and actions are rooted in racism, ableism, queer phobia and colonialism. “My book demonstrates that there is a concerted eugenic effort aimed at eradicating intersex people and intersex variations. The hope is that this work will help combat the ableism that fuels interphobia — discrimination against people who have intersex traits — and contribute to ongoing conversations that will help bring about a more equitable and just world.” Orr said. In addition to investigating medical treatment of intersex people, Cripping Intersex also reviews protocols and policies surrounding sports sex testing and segregation, and preimplantation genetic diagnosis, a reproductive screening technology that can accompany in vitro fertilization to detect “undesirable” characteristics. First-time author, Nicholas Cotton, teacher-researcher in literature at Collège Édouard-Montpetit with a doctorate in French-language literature from the Université de Montréal, was recognized for his book, Penser la «pervertibilité» – Avec Jacques Derrida , published by Les Presses de l’Université de Montréal. Cotton’s book, which translates to Thinking “pervertibility” – With Jacques Derrida, explores more than 80 titles by French philosopher Jacques Derrida, who developed the philosophy of deconstruction – a set of approaches to understand the relationship between text and meaning. Cotton explores the notion of “pervertibility,” one’s ability to be perverted or corrupted, which he found to be a common idea throughout Derrida’s writings. Cotton is the first to draw on these works from the second half of the 20th century to demonstrate the “perverse” devices of philosophical thought intertwined in the writings in order to give readers a better understanding of the world and its history. He also sheds light on how the philosopher described “pervertibility” – which takes several forms throughout his works and explores the link between this concept and psychoanalysis. “My book provides a better understanding of Derrida’s thought and style, and how both evolved,” Cotton said. “It makes a substantial contribution to current work in literature and philosophy, the fields of knowledge and practice to which the works primarily belong, but also in psychoanalysis and, more generally, to the history of ideas.” R egards sur le monde. Conflits éthiques et pensées romanesques dans la littérature française contemporaine , published by Les Presses de l’Université Laval, was authored by Pascal Riendeau, professor at the University of Toronto Scarborough. The English translation would be, Views of the world. Ethical conflicts and romantic thoughts in contemporary French literature . Riendeau found that ethical issues play an important role in many late-20th to early-21st century works of fiction. So, he set out to analyze the texts of five contemporary novelists in order to gain a better understanding of the function of ethics in the writings of our time. The result was a first-of-its-kind book that explores the work of contemporary authors Milan Kundera, Michel Houellebecq, Camille Laurens, Éric Chevillard and Pascal Quignard, focusing on themes, situations and discourses. Riendeau assesses the works’ structure and situations based on conflict and reflection. “I’m a literature professor who sincerely believes in the importance of literature – for pleasure, learning and above all, understanding the world. I think it’s highly relevant to take an interest in all art forms (literature, film, visual arts) in order to better interpret the state of the world around us,” Riendeau said. Presented by the Federation for the Humanities and Social Sciences – a national non-profit voice for researchers in the humanities and social sciences in Canada – the award recognizes outstanding authors and works that provoke and inform national conversations on important topics while focusing attention on the contribution scholarly writing makes to Canadian society. Each author was awarded $4,000 with Robbins and Orr sharing the prize. The Prizes celebrate a range of voices, from first-time authors to established scholars, while championing French and English language works and amplifying a broad scope of perspectives across disciplines, in line with the Federation for the Humanities and Social Sciences’ commitment to equity, diversity, inclusion, and decolonization. The Prizes are independently juried by the Scholarly Book Awards Academic Council. Support rabble today! We’re so glad you stopped by! Thanks for consuming rabble content this year. rabble.ca is 100% reader and donor funded, so as an avid reader of our content, we hope you will consider gifting rabble with a donation during our summer fundraiser today. Nick Seebruch, editor Whether it be a one-time donation or a small monthly contribution, your support is critical to keep rabble writers producing the work you’ve come to rely on as a part of a healthy media diet. Become a rabble rouser — donate to rabble.ca today. Nick Seebruch, editor Support rabble.ca

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